Reading edition · 8 September 2026
Government records.
The same source-linked index, available without JavaScript.
2026United States · All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office · Current index; FY2025 report added 20 July 2026
AARO congressional reports and briefings
A central index to annual assessments, historical reporting, congressional testimony, briefing slides, and press materials. It offers a practical route to the office’s published positions over time. Use each document’s reporting interval and release date to avoid combining incompatible totals or outdated assessments.
Annual reports, hearings, statements, and briefings
2026United States · All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office · Continuing collection
AARO records and information papers
The portal gathers supporting information papers and records, including materials analysis and historical program documents. It also connects readers to NASA and NARA resources. These papers serve different purposes, so a laboratory result, archival proposal, and agency explanation should be read as distinct forms of evidence.
Technical papers, materials analysis, and historical records
2026United States · House of Representatives / Government Publishing Office · Introduced 6 April 2026
H.R. 8197: proposed termination of AARO
The introduced bill proposes ending AARO, transferring its functions, and amending related statutes. This is the introduced text of a proposal, not evidence that the office has been terminated. Its conditional instructions should not be presented as current operational facts or enacted requirements.
Introduced bill text; proposal, not enacted text
2026United States · Department of War · 12 June 2026
PURSUE release 03 announcement
The third release announcement documents another installment in the government’s UAP publication effort and directs readers to the official database. Consult the individual files for their originating agency, event date, and context; the tranche’s release date is not a common date for its observations.
Third release tranche; use portal release filter R03
2026United States · Department of War · 10 July 2026
PURSUE release 04 announcement
The fourth official release notice marks a further installment of public UAP records. It is an access and publication milestone rather than an analytic finding. The linked database provides the associated documents and media, whose observation dates and evidentiary quality vary by item.
Fourth release tranche; use portal release filter R04
2026United States · Department of War · 7 August 2026
PURSUE release 05 announcement
The fifth release notice confirms a further set of UAP files was made public on 7 August 2026 and points to the government database. This is the latest tranche verified for this edition. Individual records require separate reading to understand their dates, provenance, and limitations.
Fifth release tranche; use portal release filter R05
2026Uruguay · Cámara de Representantes · 6 April 2026
Parliamentary request on reported UAP cooperation
A representative asks the Defence Ministry about a publicly reported cooperation arrangement involving CRIDOVNI and United States agencies, including equipment, costs, data access, and oversight. The record documents questions presented to government, not confirmation that the reported agreement was concluded.
Three-page official Spanish parliamentary request, No. 5073 / C2171/2026.
2026United States · National Archives and Records Administration · Current collection; reviewed 4 September 2026
UAP Records Collection: Record Group 615
The collection index links agency transfers and digital records in the National Archives Catalog. Listed contributors include FAA, NRC, ODNI, OSD, NSA, State, FBI, and Air Force. Additions arrive over time, so this portal is a continuing access point rather than a completed government-wide inventory.
Rolling agency transfers under FY2024 NDAA
2025United States · Congress / Government Publishing Office · 18 December 2025
FY2026 NDAA: intercepts, data, classification guides
Enacted Public Law 119-60, sections 1671–1673, addresses briefings on NORAD and NORTHCOM UAP intercepts, removes a duplicative reporting requirement, clarifies agency data availability to AARO, and requires an accounting of classification guides. These are the adopted provisions, distinct from proposed disclosure amendments.
Enacted law; sections 1671–1673
2025United States · House Committee on Oversight · 9 September 2025
House hearing: transparency and whistleblower protection
The declassification task force heard from Jeffrey Nuccetelli, Alexandro Wiggins, George Knapp, Dylan Borland, and Joe Spielberger. Its page preserves witness documents and video on disclosure and reporting protections. Accounts and allegations remain distinguishable from independent confirmation of the events described.
Witness statements and hearing video
2025Canada · Office of the Chief Science Advisor · June 2025
Sky Canada: management of public UAP reporting
The federal review examines public UAP reporting and offers fourteen recommendations for coordination, transparency, data quality, and scientific participation. Recommendations are not automatically implemented policy.
Public reporting review and Canadian history
2025United States · National Archives and Records Administration · 24 April 2025
UAP Records Collection: access and law guide
NARA explains the collection’s statutory scope, how agencies identify and transfer digital records, and how public access is provided. It distinguishes the new collection from older UFO records already held across other record groups. Public availability remains subject to review and applicable disclosure restrictions.
Collection scope, transfer procedures, and public access
2024United States · All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office · March 2024; released 8 March
AARO historical record report: Volume I
AARO assesses historical investigations and concealed-program allegations. It reports no verified extraterrestrial technology in the reviewed material; its methods, evidence, and limits are available for examination.
Historical investigations and allegations
2024Argentina · Fuerza Aérea Argentina / CIAE · Reporting year
CIAE 2024 case-resolution report
The 2024 annual report presents the Argentine identification centre’s case studies with images and explanatory comparisons. It allows readers to inspect how candidate causes are evaluated, instead of relying on a short description of an apparently unusual object.
98-page Spanish PDF; year denotes the report series, not a verified day of publication.
2024United States · All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office · 14 November 2024
FY2024 consolidated annual UAP report
The assessment covers reports from 1 May 2023 through 1 June 2024, including older events newly submitted. It describes 757 incoming reports, resolved ordinary objects, and cases awaiting more data. Its collection patterns and reporting sources are essential context for interpreting the figures.
1 May 2023–1 June 2024, plus earlier reports
2024United States · House Committee on Oversight · 13 November 2024
House hearing: Exposing the Truth
The hearing page provides statements from Tim Gallaudet, Luis Elizondo, Michael Gold, and Michael Shellenberger, plus video of the proceedings. Topics include government transparency, research, and program allegations. Publication in a congressional record documents what witnesses said rather than establishing every allegation.
Witness statements and hearing video
2024United States · National Archives and Records Administration · 10 October 2024
NARA memorandum: transfer of UAP records
Memorandum AC 04.2025 directed agencies to transfer publicly releasable UAP records identified by 20 October 2024 no later than 30 September 2025. It specifies digital copies, metadata, and treatment of redacted records while encouraging transfers throughout the period.
Agency instructions implementing FY2024 NDAA
2024United States · Senate Armed Services Committee · 19 November 2024
Senate hearing on AARO activities
The committee’s official page links its public hearing with AARO director Jon Kosloski and supporting documents. The session addressed the office’s activities and assessments. The page identifies this as an open/closed hearing, so publicly accessible materials do not represent any classified session.
Public hearing and supporting documents
2023United States · Office of the Director of National Intelligence · 12 January 2023
2022 annual UAP report
Published in January 2023, this annual assessment explains growth in reporting and initial characterization of additional incidents. It distinguishes reporting totals from resolved objects and notes collection bias. The title’s year is the reporting edition, not the public release year.
2022 reporting edition; released January 2023
2023United States · Department of Defense / ODNI · October 2023; published 18 October
FY2023 consolidated annual UAP report
The report covers 31 August 2022 through 30 April 2023 and earlier reports not previously included. It describes 291 additional reports, reporting biases, and developing analytic procedures. Totals reflect information received during a defined interval rather than a census of all unidentified objects.
31 August 2022–30 April 2023, plus earlier reports
2023United States · Congress / Government Publishing Office · 22 December 2023
FY2024 NDAA: UAP Records Collection
Enacted Public Law 118-31, sections 1841–1843, established a UAP records collection and agency review, transfer, and disclosure requirements. The law also sets grounds for postponing disclosure. Read the enacted provisions themselves rather than treating earlier, broader disclosure proposals as the final law.
Enacted law; sections 1841–1843, 44 U.S.C. 2107 note
2023United States · House Committee on Oversight · 26 July 2023
House UAP hearing: security, safety, transparency
Official hearing materials include testimony from Ryan Graves, David Fravor, and David Grusch on encounters, reporting practices, and government-program allegations. The record makes their statements accessible in context; firsthand observation, secondhand information, and independently established findings require separate evaluation.
Witness statements and hearing video
2023United States · NASA · 14 September 2023
NASA UAP Independent Study: final report
NASA’s study recommends improved calibration, metadata, collection, and scientific analysis. It outlines future research rather than identifying every historical sighting.
Independent study recommendations
2023United States · Senate Armed Services Committee · 19 April 2023
Senate hearing on AARO’s mission and budget
The Senate’s hearing page preserves the public session on AARO’s mission, activities, oversight, and budget. It provides access to the official hearing record and supporting materials. Public testimony should be read alongside the published analyses and annual assessments it discusses.
Public component of an open/closed hearing
2022United States · Department of Defense · 20 July 2022; direction dated 15 July
AARO establishment and mission
The establishment announcement explains how AARO expanded the earlier AOIMSG remit to airborne, submerged, space, and transmedium observations. It links the organizing memoranda and identifies the office’s reporting, collection, analysis, and science responsibilities. The underlying direction was issued on 15 July.
Establishment memoranda and announcement
2022United States · Congress / Government Publishing Office · 23 December 2022
FY2023 NDAA: reporting and AARO oversight
Enacted Public Law 117-263 includes authorized UAP reporting procedures in section 1673 and revisions to AARO in section 6802. The provisions address protected reporting, office duties, and oversight. Statutory references to alleged materials or programs are not findings that those allegations are true.
Enacted law; sections 1673, 6802–6803
2022United States · House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence · 17 May 2022
House Intelligence UAP hearing
The official transcript records questions to defense and naval-intelligence officials about UAP reporting, incidents, and analytic limitations. It preserves the public portion of the hearing, including discussion of sensor imagery. A transcript records statements and does not independently verify every claim.
Public hearing transcript; 53 pages
2022United States · NASA · Announced 9 June 2022
NASA independent study: program archive
NASA’s study archive links its statement of task, team appointments, public meeting, briefings, and final recommendations. Its focus is the scientific quality and availability of UAP data, with methods for improving future observation and analysis rather than reconstructing alleged spacecraft.
2022–2023 study materials and public meeting
2021United States · Department of Defense · 23 November 2021
AOIMSG: successor to the UAP Task Force
The department directed establishment of the Airborne Object Identification and Management Synchronization Group as successor to the Navy task force. Its remit focused on objects in special-use airspace, reporting coordination, flight safety, and national security, with an executive oversight council.
Organizational transition in November 2021
2021United States · Congress / Government Publishing Office · 27 December 2021
FY2022 NDAA: statutory UAP office
Enacted Public Law 117-81, section 1683, required a UAP office, coordinated reporting and analysis, and reports to Congress. The historical statutory text helps explain the transition from temporary task forces toward a formal office. Later laws amended these duties.
Enacted law; section 1683, 50 U.S.C. 3373
2021United States · Office of the Director of National Intelligence · 25 June 2021
Preliminary assessment: UAP
ODNI reviews 144 government reports, chiefly from 2004–2021, describing data gaps, possible explanations, and flight-safety concerns.
Historical reporting sample
2020Uruguay · Unidad de Acceso a la Información Pública · 10 July 2020
CRIDOVNI records: access ruling 16/2020
The information-access authority considered an unanswered request for Air Force UFO records. Its ruling called for disclosure except for information properly classified under the applicable rules and rejected blanket classification without the required justification. It illustrates a concrete obstacle to public access.
Three-page Spanish ruling; not the requested CRIDOVNI case files or proof that all files were released.
2020United States · Department of Defense / Navy · 14 August 2020
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force
Official announcement of the Navy-led UAP Task Force, approved on 4 August 2020. It describes a national-security mission to detect, analyze, and catalog reports. This documents an organizational decision, without identifying the causes of the phenomena being reported.
Task Force approval and mission
2019Argentina · Fuerza Aérea Argentina / CIAE · 4 April 2019
Argentina’s Aerospace Identification Centre
The Air Force’s identification centre describes its remit and provides annual case-resolution reports. It investigates documented observations to identify their causes, and explains why original visual evidence and accurate witness descriptions matter. Earlier reports from the predecessor commission are also linked.
Official Spanish portal with annual reports for 2015–2025; also documents CEFAE’s 2011 creation.
2019United States · National Archives · 5 December 2019
How Sign, Grudge, and Blue Book developed
An archival overview traces the successive Air Force projects and explains the continuing public interest in their records. It places the investigation in its historical setting and points readers toward surviving reports. The article is retrospective context rather than a new assessment of sightings.
U.S. Air Force investigation programs, 1947–1969
2018Australia · National Archives of Australia · 28 February 2018
Australian UFO records and the RAAF
The National Archives outlines how UFO reports entered Australian government files, including the 1954 Sea Fury account and Frederick Valentich’s disappearance. It describes the RAAF’s eventual withdrawal from investigating sightings and provides historical context for the surviving archival record.
Official archive essay; original files require separate catalogue research.
2018–2026Chile · DGAC / SEFAA · Published case archive
SEFAA resolved-case archive
Chile’s civil aviation authority provides case publications, educational material, and a reporting route. The resolved-case archive is organized by year, with monthly compilations in recent years. The archive records assessed observations rather than a catalogue of authenticated anomalous aircraft.
Spanish site with annual case categories from 2018 through 2026 and links to supporting publications.
2016United States · Central Intelligence Agency · 21 January 2016
Historical UFO investigation methods
CIA history examines questionnaires, photography, expert consultation, and evidence testing, using Socorro, Tremonton, and the Robertson Panel as examples.
Historical investigation methods
2013United Kingdom · The National Archives · Year only
British government UFO files: research briefing
Historian David Clarke’s archive-hosted briefing identifies government file series, policy changes, and release history, with references for tracing the overview into original documents.
British government research guide
2013United Kingdom · The National Archives · June 2013
Final MOD file transfer: 2013 highlights
The final tranche’s guide points to policy correspondence, sighting records, and the closure of the MOD UFO desk. Its selected highlights help readers navigate the much larger files without confusing a memorable witness account with an official conclusion.
12-page PDF describing selected files from the 2013 transfer; not a complete case index.
2010New Zealand · New Zealand Defence Force / National Library · Year only
New Zealand Defence Force UFO release catalogue
The National Library catalogue identifies the Defence Force publication containing UFO files prepared for public release. Its bibliographic record preserves the official publisher and file-volume references, helping researchers distinguish the government release from later compilations circulated by other websites.
Catalogue record for the 2010 release; this link is not a complete online full-text archive.
2010Brazil · Comando da Aeronáutica / Ministry of Defence · 9 August 2010
Portaria 551/GC3: UFO records procedure
This Air Force administrative order defines the recording, cataloguing, and transfer of UFO reports to the national archive. It assigns responsibilities to COMDABRA and CENDOC. The document concerns handling information; it does not endorse a particular explanation for the sightings.
Government-hosted reproduction of the official gazette; the order is on PDF page 1. Published 10 August 2010.
2009United States · Defense Intelligence Agency · 8 May 2009
AAWSAP status briefing
A contemporary program briefing describes funding, the research task, contract administration, and technical deliverables. It records the 2008 appropriation context behind AAWSAP. This is evidence of a funded research effort; the briefing does not establish recovered nonhuman vehicles or operational exotic propulsion.
Program scope, funding, and deliverables
2009United States · Department of Defense / DIA · 24 June–17 November 2009 correspondence
Reid’s request for special access protection
The released package includes Senator Harry Reid’s request to place the aerospace effort under special access protection and the department’s review. The review found no justification for that protection. Its attachments document the request, research deliverables, and response rather than an approved recovery program.
AAWSAP/AATIP correspondence and classification review
2008United States · Defense Intelligence Agency · 2008 onward program records
DIA AAWSAP and AATIP reading room
DIA organizes released material on advanced aerospace research, program briefs, technical papers, and associated correspondence. Its guide explicitly identifies an AAWSAP/AATIP section. Read contract objectives separately from speculative research topics; commissioning a paper does not demonstrate that its proposed technology was built.
AAWSAP, AATIP, and related released records
1997United States · CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence · Historical review published in Studies in Intelligence
CIA’s role in UFO study, 1947–1990
Gerald Haines reviews the CIA’s involvement in UFO investigations, intelligence concerns, the Robertson Panel, reconnaissance aircraft, and later disclosure disputes. The article provides citations to internal memoranda and other records. It is an agency historian’s interpretation of a complex archival record.
Intelligence history, 1947–1990
1997–2009United Kingdom · Ministry of Defence · Reporting years
MOD sighting tables, 1997–2009
Annual PDF tables list reported sightings with dates, times, locations, and brief descriptions. They provide a compact way to explore the MOD’s reporting record. An entry documents a report received; it is not a finding that an unusual vehicle existed.
Thirteen annual PDFs covering 1997–2009, linked directly from the government publication page.
1986United States · Federal Aviation Administration / National Archives · 1986 records
FAA information releases: Japan Airlines Flight 1628
The National Archives catalogs the FAA’s information releases concerning Japan Airlines Flight 1628. This series is a route to the agency’s surviving record of the Alaska report. Consult the catalog description and available files to distinguish crew observations, radar information, and subsequent interpretations.
FAA series; National Archives Identifier 733667
1986Brazil · Government of Brazil · 19 May 1986
The 19 May 1986 Brazilian air-defence response
A government retrospective describes multiple luminous-object reports, radar detections, and fighter launches during the 1986 episode commonly called the Official UFO Night. It establishes an official account of the response; the retrospective is not a complete public reconstruction of sensor performance.
English government article published 20 May 2022, referring to events on 19 May 1986.
1985Canada · Transport Canada · System launched 1985
Civil aviation occurrence records: CADORS
Transport Canada explains the aviation occurrence system used to receive, review, and publish safety information. The linked CADORS service is broader than UFO research. Records are preliminary and can change when additional information or corrections arrive.
Official guide links to CADORS access; search results include all kinds of aviation occurrences.
1978New Zealand · Archives New Zealand · 31 December 1978
Kaikōura lights: Archives New Zealand record
Archives New Zealand presents a government file concerning the Kaikōura lights, including atmospheric conditions, radar reports, and film analysis. The page identifies the originating diplomatic records and links to the catalogue, allowing the public account to be traced to its archival context.
Official Archives New Zealand account; reference ABHS 6958 W5579 Box 227 NYP 3/58/13 Part 1.
1977France · CNES / GEIPAN · GEPAN lineage from 1977; GEIPAN established 2005
GEIPAN case archive
France’s space agency publishes anonymized observation reports and investigation results. The archive distinguishes explained cases, probable explanations, reports lacking enough information, and cases still unexplained after investigation. Its categories describe an assessment, not the origin of a craft.
Public case search, maps, classifications, and attached documents; French is the principal language.
1977France · CNES / GEIPAN · Year only
GEPAN, SEPRA, and GEIPAN: institutional history
GEIPAN traces its institutional predecessors, public-information mission, and online case publication, while explaining anonymity and the distinction between missing information and unexplained observations.
GEPAN, SEPRA, and GEIPAN
1977United States · National Aeronautics and Space Administration · 1977 chronology
NASA’s 1977 chronology and UFO policy discussion
NASA’s annual historical chronology records contemporary debate over whether the agency should resume UFO investigations. The volume combines agency actions with attributed press coverage. Its dated entries are useful context, but a summarized newspaper opinion should not be mistaken for a new scientific finding.
Carter-era debate within a broader annual chronology
1968Chile · DGAC / SEFAA · Year only
Chile’s official UAP offices: institutional history
The aviation authority traces its reporting effort from a meteorological-office commission to CEFAA and then SEFAA. The history identifies dated administrative changes and explains the office’s connection to aviation operations and its reliance on audiovisual evidence for investigations.
Spanish institutional history; linked case publications provide the investigative material.
1968United States · University of Colorado Boulder · Study and report, 1966–1968; archival overview 2021
The Colorado UFO study and surviving archive
The university describes the Air Force-sponsored Condon study and its surviving research collection, including documents, notes, journals, and film. The institutional overview explains why the study was commissioned and summarizes its conclusions. Access to original archival items may require contacting the university.
Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects and research files
1966United States · U.S. House of Representatives / GovInfo · 5 April 1966
House hearing on unidentified flying objects
The official hearing record preserves the House’s examination of UFO investigations in April 1966. Read the transcript for the questions asked, the officials’ responses, and the limits of their evidence. Testimony describes positions and statements made at the hearing, not universal agreement.
House oversight of Air Force investigations
1962–1995Spain · Ministry of Defence · Collection coverage
Spain’s declassified Expedientes OVNI
The Defence Virtual Library provides eighty declassified files concerning reports involving Air Force personnel or equipment. The collection includes summaries, conclusions, witness interviews, and supporting material. It spans incidents across Spanish airspace and retains redactions protecting witnesses and reporting officers.
About 1,900 scanned pages; incidents from 1962–1995. Declassification began in 1991; physical consultation copies followed in 1992.
1961United States · National Museum of the U.S. Air Force · Development in the 1950s; cancellation December 1961
Avrocar: a documented saucer-shaped aircraft
The Air Force museum documents the Canadian-built Avrocar and its U.S. military development history. Photographs and technical notes show a real disc-shaped experimental aircraft with serious stability limits. Its existence establishes this particular human aircraft, not an explanation for every saucer report.
U.S.–Canadian experimental vertical-flight aircraft
1960Australia · Department of Supply / National Archives of Australia · 24 July 1960
Wewak / Maralinga unidentified-light report
A security officer’s report records an investigation of a light observed near a nuclear test site. It compares witness accounts and candidate explanations, while acknowledging uncertainty about distance and source. The archive presents both the original pages and a readable transcription.
Two-page report dated 24 July about the 15 July sighting; images and transcript available.
1952–2016Brazil · Arquivo Nacional / Comando da Aeronáutica · Coverage described in the 2018 guide
Brazil’s national OVNI collection
The national archive describes its Air Force-origin UFO collection, including reports, forms, correspondence, photographs, drawings, audio, video, and press clippings. Its introduction explains that OVNI means an object not immediately identified and does not itself imply an extraterrestrial origin.
Official introduction links to SIAN, the archive catalogue. Its collection totals and date range describe the guide’s historical snapshot.
1950–2002United Kingdom · The National Archives · Collection coverage
United Kingdom UFO archive research guide
A starting point for locating Ministry of Defence UFO reports and correspondence in the British government archive. Follow the catalogue references to individual files rather than treating the guide as a complete, searchable transcript of every historical report.
Guide to digital records and catalogue searches; individual catalogue entries specify download and reading-room access.
1947United States · Central Intelligence Agency · Historical and declassified holdings
CIA Freedom of Information Act reading room
The CIA reading room provides document search and historical collections, including UFO-related material. Use names, dates, and document identifiers to locate individual records. Some files preserve foreign reporting or outside claims, so distinguish who wrote a document from the agency that retained it.
CIA public historical and FOIA records
1947–1980sCanada · Library and Archives Canada · Collection coverage
Canada’s UFOs: The search for the unknown
The federal archive brings together UFO correspondence, reports, memoranda, and procedures from National Defence, Transport, the National Research Council, and the RCMP. The guide describes approximately 9,500 digitized documents accumulated from 1947 through the early 1980s.
Date and location searches can miss undated or imprecisely indexed records. Search multiple terms and originating agencies.
1947United States · National Archives · Historical records; download index maintained by NARA
Download the public UFO collections
NARA provides catalog metadata and bulk files for digitized UFO collections, including Blue Book case files, artifacts, and related material. These downloads are substantially larger than individual documents. Availability follows digitization; the index is not a claim that every government record is public.
Digitized historical collections and newer UAP transfers
1947United States · Federal Bureau of Investigation · Historical FBI records
FBI UFO files
The FBI Vault provides released files concerning UFO reports and the Bureau’s correspondence about them. These records are useful for following how information reached investigators and other agencies. A report in an FBI file is not, by itself, a verified FBI conclusion.
Released UFO correspondence and reports
1947United States · National Archives · Multiple historical periods
Government UFO records by agency and record group
A guide connecting Air Force, FAA, NASA, CIA, defense, and other holdings to their catalog records. It includes textual files, photographs, sound, and moving images. Catalog descriptions explain provenance, while individual entries indicate whether digital copies are available to read.
Cross-agency archival discovery
1947United States · National Security Agency · Historical collection
NSA declassified UFO documents
The NSA’s UFO collection connects readers to released historical documents, including reporting, correspondence, and other retained material. Many items are scans with limited legibility. Authorship and context vary: a publication or report held by NSA is not automatically an NSA finding.
Declassified UFO-related holdings
1947United States · National Archives · Multiple administrations
Presidential library UFO and UAP records
NARA organizes UFO-related presidential holdings by library and connects readers to catalog entries. The material includes correspondence and policy-related records, with digitized copies where available. A letter received by an administration documents communication; it does not automatically represent an administration’s finding.
Presidential correspondence and administrative records
Selected public records and official collection access points. Some holdings are undigitized, redacted, classified, or available only by request. A released document can contain unverified claims. Follow collection links for broader available holdings.